{"id":3887,"date":"2021-11-04T12:55:21","date_gmt":"2021-11-04T19:55:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/?p=3887"},"modified":"2021-12-03T09:49:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T16:49:04","slug":"sustainable-water-service-provision-malawi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/es\/sustainable-water-service-provision-malawi\/","title":{"rendered":"Prestaci\u00f3n de servicios de agua sostenibles a trav\u00e9s de modelos de gesti\u00f3n sostenible: una transici\u00f3n de pozos a sistemas de agua solar reticulada"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Por Chisomo Magelegele y Dorothy Bandawe, Oficiales del Proyecto WASH, Water for People Malawi&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Este blog fue finalista en nuestro primer concurso de blogs Water For People entre todos nuestros colegas de todo el mundo. \u00a1Felicitaciones a Chisomo y Dorothy!<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Versi\u00f3n en espanol <a href=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/es\/prestacion-sostenible-malawi\/\">aqui<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En Malawi,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/washdata.org\/data\/household#!\/table?geo0=country&amp;geo1=MWI\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">69% de la poblaci\u00f3n<\/a>&nbsp;tiene acceso a por lo menos fuentes b\u00e1sicas de agua potable, y cuatro millones de personas contin\u00faan sin acceso a agua potable. El acceso a agua mejorada en las comunidades rurales se ha proporcionado principalmente a trav\u00e9s de pozos equipados con bombas manuales que han evolucionado con el tiempo. La bomba manual Afridev ha sido el tipo de bomba m\u00e1s utilizado para el suministro de agua rural debido a sus bajos costos de operaci\u00f3n y mantenimiento y a la disponibilidad de repuestos en las comunidades.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El principal desaf\u00edo de las bombas manuales ha sido su incapacidad para llegar a las personas que viven en tierras altas donde las plataformas de perforaci\u00f3n no pueden acceder. En algunas \u00e1reas, las condiciones salinas provocan una mala calidad del agua y, en otras, las condiciones geof\u00edsicas dificultan el acceso al agua subterr\u00e1nea. Estos desaf\u00edos han requerido un cambio de pensamiento entre los actores del sector de agua, saneamiento e higiene (WASH), alej\u00e1ndose de las fuentes de agua con bombas manuales hacia las redes de distribuci\u00f3n por tuber\u00edas. En las zonas rurales de Malawi, Water For People est\u00e1 promoviendo la adopci\u00f3n de tecnolog\u00eda de bombeo de agua con energ\u00eda solar reticulada.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/topic\/water\/brief\/solar-pumping\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bombeo de agua con energ\u00eda solar<\/a>&nbsp;recientemente ha atra\u00eddo una atenci\u00f3n significativa como una tecnolog\u00eda alternativa en el suministro de agua rural, ya que son operativa, financiera y ambientalmente sostenibles. Otras tecnolog\u00edas tradicionalmente dependen del combustible y las bombas el\u00e9ctricas son costosas, dif\u00edciles de mantener y ambientalmente insostenibles. El bombeo solar de agua es una forma viable de ampliar el acceso al agua en los pa\u00edses y comunidades de ingresos bajos y medios, al tiempo que ayuda a mitigar los efectos de los cambios en las precipitaciones provocados por el cambio clim\u00e1tico.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un sistema t\u00edpico de agua con energ\u00eda solar consiste en paneles solares que absorben la energ\u00eda solar del sol y la convierten en energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica a trav\u00e9s del efecto fotovoltaico. La energ\u00eda el\u00e9ctrica bombea agua a un tanque de reserva que se eleva muy por encima del suelo. La gravedad presiona el agua del tanque a varias conexiones en hogares e instituciones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En el pasado, la operaci\u00f3n y el mantenimiento (O&amp;M) de los sistemas de suministro de agua se hab\u00edan dejado de lado tanto a nivel institucional como comunitario, lo que resultaba en tasas de funcionalidad deficientes. Esto se debe principalmente al conocimiento, las habilidades y los recursos financieros limitados para administrar el sistema y al vandalismo. La mala funcionalidad del sistema no solo interrumpe el acceso al agua potable, sino que tambi\u00e9n se asocia con mayores riesgos para la salud, menor retenci\u00f3n de trabajadores en los niveles institucionales (como los establecimientos de salud) y menores niveles de educaci\u00f3n debido al ausentismo.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En 2019, UNICEF proporcion\u00f3 sistemas de suministro de agua con energ\u00eda solar reticulada en seis centros de salud y siete escuelas primarias en los distritos de Chikwawa y Nsanje en respuesta al estr\u00e9s h\u00eddrico al que se enfrentaban estas instituciones. Aunque prometedor, la provisi\u00f3n de la infraestructura de suministro de agua con energ\u00eda solar de \u00faltima generaci\u00f3n cre\u00f3 desaf\u00edos relacionados con la falta de conocimientos, habilidades, finanzas y arreglos de gesti\u00f3n en las instituciones para operar y mantener los esquemas.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para abordar estos desaf\u00edos y mejorar la sostenibilidad, UNICEF se asoci\u00f3 con Water For People en Malawi, ya que trabajamos en estrecha colaboraci\u00f3n con los consejos de distrito para apoyar modelos de gesti\u00f3n sostenible. El proyecto se dirigi\u00f3 a 13 instituciones (siete escuelas primarias, cuatro centros de salud y dos hospitales) y lleg\u00f3 a m\u00e1s de 4.800 estudiantes y 13.000 miembros de la comunidad con agua potable. Estas instituciones fueron seleccionadas en base a la falta de arreglos de gesti\u00f3n para el establecimiento y cumplimiento de tarifas, as\u00ed como al conocimiento t\u00e9cnico limitado para mantener los sistemas reticulados solares. Adem\u00e1s, el vandalismo y el robo de componentes del sistema como bombas, paneles y cables eran frecuentes en estas instituciones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dependiendo de la distribuci\u00f3n espacial, la capacidad de dise\u00f1o, la cantidad de puntos de recolecci\u00f3n y la existencia de Asociaciones de Usuarios de Agua (AUA), se desarrollaron tres modelos de gesti\u00f3n con una clara participaci\u00f3n del sector privado, los usuarios y el liderazgo local para asegurar la sostenibilidad:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Modelo de gesti\u00f3n delegada:<\/strong>&nbsp;Una AUA funcional existente con experiencia en la gesti\u00f3n de sistemas propulsados por energ\u00eda se delega con la gesti\u00f3n de esquemas selectivos dentro de su \u00e1rea de influencia. El Oficial de Desarrollo de Agua del Distrito (DWDO) se convierte autom\u00e1ticamente en miembro de la Junta, y el Gerente de Educaci\u00f3n del Distrito (DEM) y el Oficial de Salud del Distrito (DHO) se convierten en miembros ex-oficio si el centro del esquema est\u00e1 en instituciones p\u00fablicas.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Modelo de sistema de agua institucional:<\/strong>&nbsp;Una Junta compuesta por representantes de la instituci\u00f3n y miembros de la comunidad administra el esquema. La DWDO, DHO y DEM se incorporan como miembros ex-oficio. Para minimizar los costos operativos, la Junta contrata a un operador del sistema que est\u00e1 capacitado en O&amp;M, administraci\u00f3n profesional, tarificaci\u00f3n y administraci\u00f3n financiera.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Modelo de mini-WUA agrupado:<\/strong>&nbsp;Varios esquemas son fusionados y administrados por un operador de servicios p\u00fablicos en un contrato basado en el desempe\u00f1o. La WUA tiene una junta independiente compuesta por representantes de la comunidad de los esquemas de beneficiarios. La DWDO, DHO y DEM brindan una funci\u00f3n de supervisi\u00f3n como miembros ex-oficio.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Water For People emple\u00f3 diferentes estrategias para garantizar la gesti\u00f3n sostenible de los esquemas de energ\u00eda solar y un mayor nivel de servicio. Realizamos una evaluaci\u00f3n detallada de los enfoques de gesti\u00f3n anteriores para adaptar los nuevos modelos. Nos enfocamos en la participaci\u00f3n de las partes interesadas a nivel de distrito y comunidad antes de la implementaci\u00f3n y el desarrollo de indicadores clave de desempe\u00f1o para rastrear el progreso y la efectividad de los modelos de gesti\u00f3n. A trav\u00e9s de varias reuniones de participaci\u00f3n con las partes interesadas clave (a saber, el Comit\u00e9 Ejecutivo del Distrito, el Equipo de Coordinaci\u00f3n del Distrito, el Comit\u00e9 de Desarrollo de \u00c1rea y los l\u00edderes locales), los comit\u00e9s de esquemas adoptaron modelos de gesti\u00f3n para gestionar de manera sostenible los esquemas reticulados solares.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Para garantizar la operaci\u00f3n y mantenimiento continuos y promover la sostenibilidad, los comit\u00e9s han sido capacitados en la gesti\u00f3n de esquemas solares reticulados. Water For People est\u00e1 vinculando los esquemas con proveedores y operadores de servicios p\u00fablicos privados con experiencia en sistemas de energ\u00eda solar para brindar servicio de mantenimiento para reparaciones extensas. Antes de las pr\u00f3ximas sesiones de tutor\u00eda y desarrollo del plan de negocios, los comit\u00e9s de gesti\u00f3n y el liderazgo local est\u00e1n sensibilizando a las comunidades para alentar el pago de tarifas de usuario y frenar el vandalismo.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A trav\u00e9s de este desarrollo y adopci\u00f3n de modelos de gesti\u00f3n, el desarrollo de capacidades en la gesti\u00f3n de esquemas, la profesionalizaci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de la participaci\u00f3n del sector privado y la participaci\u00f3n continua del gobierno y las partes interesadas de la comunidad, las comunidades ahora est\u00e1n contribuyendo con tarifas para la recuperaci\u00f3n de costos, adhiri\u00e9ndose a una constituci\u00f3n y teniendo un sentido de propiedad de los esquemas. Se espera que estas estrategias aumenten las tasas de funcionalidad de los puntos de agua y el acceso en estas \u00e1reas rurales.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aprovechando estas lecciones del proyecto de UNICEF, Water For People ha construido desde entonces un nuevo sistema reticulado de energ\u00eda solar en la Autoridad Tradicional Katunga del Distrito de Chikwawa, que sirve a m\u00e1s de 2.500 personas de las aldeas de Ntondeza y Kapasule con agua potable.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Los intentos anteriores de perforar un pozo en el \u00e1rea salina de Ntondeza han resultado in\u00fatiles. Como tal, Water For People perfor\u00f3 un pozo de alto rendimiento en la aldea vecina de Kapasule para suministrar agua a Ntondeza y las comunidades circundantes a trav\u00e9s de l\u00edneas de distribuci\u00f3n que utilizan un sistema de agua con energ\u00eda solar. Se estableci\u00f3 una AUA para el sistema y se capacit\u00f3 a los miembros sobre la gesti\u00f3n sostenible del esquema.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Instituir un sistema de gesti\u00f3n eficaz, el desarrollo de capacidades en O&amp;M y la gesti\u00f3n financiera, y la participaci\u00f3n de varias partes interesadas, como los funcionarios del consejo de distrito, los l\u00edderes locales, los pol\u00edticos y el sector privado, es vital para garantizar que los sistemas de agua alimentados por energ\u00eda solar se mantengan. Esto nos da una mejor oportunidad de alcanzar el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 6, mediante el aumento de los niveles de servicio y la sostenibilidad de los servicios de agua en las zonas rurales de Malawi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"622\" height=\"622\" src=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-6.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3890\" data-link=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/?attachment_id=3890\" class=\"wp-image-3890\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-6.png 622w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-6-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-6-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-6-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"618\" height=\"618\" src=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3891\" data-link=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/?attachment_id=3891\" class=\"wp-image-3891\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-7.png 618w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-7-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-7-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/image-7-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Participantes que escuchan los procedimientos durante las reuniones de participaci\u00f3n del modelo de gesti\u00f3n (L) y un esquema t\u00edpico de energ\u00eda solar (R)<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Una ilustraci\u00f3n de un comit\u00e9 institucional del sistema de agua (L) y una mini WUA agrupada (R).<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1010\" src=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-2-1024x1010.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3906\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-2.png\" data-link=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/?attachment_id=3906\" class=\"wp-image-3906\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-2-1024x1010.png 1024w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-2-300x296.png 300w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-2-768x757.png 768w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-2-1536x1515.png 1536w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-2-2048x2019.png 2048w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-2-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"908\" src=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-1-1024x908.png\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"3904\" data-full-url=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-1.png\" data-link=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/?attachment_id=3904\" class=\"wp-image-3904\" srcset=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-1-1024x908.png 1024w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-1-300x266.png 300w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-1-768x681.png 768w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-1-1536x1362.png 1536w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-1-2048x1816.png 2048w, https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2021\/11\/WASHRoom-WUA-managementmodel-1-14x12.png 14w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><i> por Chisomo Magelegele y Dorothy Bandawe<\/i><br \/>\nEn las zonas rurales de Malawi, Water For People est\u00e1 promoviendo la adopci\u00f3n de tecnolog\u00eda de bombeo de agua reticulada solar y ha empleado diferentes estrategias para garantizar una gesti\u00f3n sostenible.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":3916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,56,41,97,39,45],"tags":[830],"class_list":["post-3887","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-functionality","category-solar","category-sustainability","category-system-strengthening","category-water","category-water-association","tag-english"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.7 (Yoast SEO v27.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sustainable Water Service Provision through Sustainable Management Models: A Transition from Boreholes to Solar Reticulated Water Systems - The WASH Room<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\/es\/sustainable-water-service-provision-malawi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sustainable Water Service Provision through Sustainable Management Models: A Transition from Boreholes to Solar Reticulated Water Systems\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"by Chisomo Magelegele and Dorothy Bandawe In\u00a0rural areas of\u00a0Malawi,\u00a0Water\u00a0For\u00a0People is promoting the\u00a0adoption of\u00a0solar reticulated water\u00a0pumping\u00a0technology and has\u00a0employed\u00a0different strategies\u00a0to ensure sustainable management.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@waterforpeople\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@waterforpeople\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"katleitzmann\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\\\/sustainable-water-service-provision-malawi\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\\\/sustainable-water-service-provision-malawi\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"katleitzmann\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/thewashroom.waterforpeople.org\\\/es\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9b488800bc482fab7527b8f06cf44bb7\"},\"headline\":\"Sustainable Water Service 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